Polymer waterproof agents refer to redispersible polymer powder, resin emulsion or water-soluble polymers. Polymer waterproof agents include various latexes, such as silicone waterproof agents, cationic chloroprene latex, natural latex, styrene-butadiene latex, and unsaturated polyester.
Add stabilizer (surfactant), defoaming agent, and a certain amount of water to this type of waterproof agent, mix, and stir evenly to form a stable mixed emulsion. The purpose of adding the stabilizer is to prevent the latex from settling and agglomerating during the process. However, due to the stabilizer’s surface activation effect, many bubbles will be generated during mixing, which will increase the porosity of the cement mortar after solidification, reduce the strength, and affect the waterproof performance. Therefore, when adding stabilizers, an appropriate amount of defoaming agent must also be added.
The prepared mixed emulsion can mix the polymer mortar with waterproof properties. The method is to dryly combine the cement and sand according to the formula, then add the mixed emulsion, and after stirring evenly, the waterproof mortar is made. If artificial mixing must be carried out in an ash trough or iron plate and not on the cement floor to prevent the latex from losing water and forming a film, the waterproof mortar will lose its waterproof performance.
Polymer waterproof mortar not only has good waterproof properties but also has high impact resistance and wear resistance. Latex-like polymers can seal the capillary pores of cement mortar, and the impermeability can generally reach more than 1.5MPa.
The main components of organosilicon waterproofing agent are sodium methyl silanol (potassium) and high-boiling sodium silanol (potassium). It is a small-molecule water-soluble polymer easily decomposed by weak acid to form a water-insoluble polymer with waterproof properties of methylsilyl ether (waterproof membrane).
The product’s characteristic is that this waterproofing agent has treated various building materials. Since the waterproof membrane surrounds every fine particle of the material, it does not hinder the ventilation performance between particles and has a strong drainage effect so that when the cement concrete hardens, it does not impede the discharge of internal moisture but also prevents its weathering effect; this waterproofing agent is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, so it does not affect the original finish after painting. It has color and is an excellent protective agent for exterior wall finishes; after the building surface is sprayed with this waterproofing agent, it can prevent the original finish from being stained due to rainfall. In addition, due to the existence of the waterproof membrane, sewage cannot penetrate in, thus keeping building finishes free from contamination.
Organosilicon waterproofing agents are non-toxic, odorless, non-volatile, non-flammable, have good corrosion and weather resistance, and can waterproof concrete, limestone, masonry, and gypsum products. Such as concrete walls, plaster walls, concrete prefabricated panels, and other concrete and cement products; earth walls; wooden house exterior walls; lime walls; and different floors paved with general stone, bricks, ceramic tiles, and concrete components. It can waterproof wood, fiberboard, paper, and other projects if neutralized with aluminum sulfate or aluminum nitrate. After the organosilicon waterproofing agents and water are mixed evenly in a particular proportion, silicone water is made, which can be used to prepare waterproof mortar.
The critical points for using organosilicon waterproofing agents are as follows:
(1)Waterproof mortar construction
① Clean the base layer: remove accumulated water, clean away the oil, floating soil, and mud on the surface, chisel the base layer, and rinse with water. If there are cracks, missing edges, corners, or uneven surfaces, cement mortar (or polymer cement slurry) should be used to repair them.
② Apply the bonding layer: Apply 2mm to 3mm of cement paste on a particular layer to firmly combine the base layer with the cement paste, and wait until it reaches the initial setting before proceeding to the following process.
③ Apply waterproof mortar: Construction in two layers; each layer is about 10mm. When the bottom layer is initially set, compact it and use a wooden trowel to prick it into pockmarks, and then make the surface layer; when the surface layer is initially set, compact it and prick it into pockmarks to make a protective layer.
④ Make a protective layer: Apply 2mm~3mm thick mortar without a waterproofing agent.
⑤ Maintenance: According to regular maintenance in the open air, it should generally be maintained for 14 days.
(2) Waterproof concrete construction
① Prepare silicone water: waterproofing agent: water = 1:12~13 (volume ratio).
②Construction method: The same as the ordinary concrete construction method.
(3) Leakage repair project construction
① When the original foundation is smooth, it must be chiseled to create a pitted surface. After cleaning the floating dust, use cement paste as the binding layer, and then apply waterproof mortar 20mm to 30mm thick.
② If there is water leakage, first use a quick-setting agent to stop the leakage and stop the water.
③ The construction method shall be carried out according to the above waterproof mortar construction method.
(4) Special parts treatment
① The yin and yang corners should be rounded and compacted.
② When the bottom surface of the base is too humid or rainy, no silicone waterproofing material shall be constructed.
③ Organosilicon waterproofing agents is an alkaline material. Operators must protect their eyes during construction and not let the agent come into contact with the skin.
④ Organosilicon waterproofing agents is resistant to high and low temperatures and can be constructed in winter. It may freeze when it is freezing. However, it can still be used after dissolved, and the effect remains unchanged.
